MEDIA RELEASE

Foodborne agents cause an estimated 48 million illnesses annually in the United States, including 9.4 million illnesses from known pathogens. CDC collects data on foodborne disease outbreaks submitted from all states and territories through the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System.

During 2008, the most recent year for which data are finalized, 1,034 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported, which resulted in 23,152 cases of illness, 1,276 hospitalizations, and 22 deaths.

Among the 479 outbreaks with a laboratory-confirmed single etiologic agent reported, norovirus was the most common, accounting for 49% of outbreaks and 46% of illnesses.

Salmonella was the second most common, accounting for 23% of outbreaks and 31% of illnesses.

Among the 218 outbreaks attributed to a food vehicle with ingredients from only one of 17 defined food commodities, the top commodities to which outbreaks were attributed were poultry (15%), beef (14%), and finfish (14%), whereas the top commodities to which outbreak-related illnesses were attributed were fruits and nuts (24%), vine-stalk vegetables (23%), and beef (13%).

Outbreak surveillance provides insights into the agents that cause foodborne illness, types of implicated foods, and settings where transmission occurs. Public health, regulatory, and food industry professionals can use this information to target prevention efforts against pathogens and foods that cause the most foodborne disease outbreaks.

Since 1992, CDC has defined a foodborne disease outbreak as the occurrence of two or more similar illnesses resulting from ingestion of a common food. State, local, and territorial health department officials use a standard, Internet-based form to voluntarily submit reports of foodborne outbreaks to CDC.

This report includes outbreaks in which the first illness occurred in 2008 and were reported to CDC by June 28, 2011. Data requested for each outbreak include the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths; the etiologic agent (confirmed or suspected); the implicated food or foods; and the setting of food preparation and consumption.

CDC classifies foods as one of 17 commodities if a single contaminated ingredient is identified or if all ingredients belong to that commodity.

Outbreaks that could not be assigned to one of the 17 commodities, or for which the report contained insufficient information for commodity assignment, were not attributed to any commodity. Population-based rates of reported outbreaks were calculated for each state, using U.S. Census estimates of the 2008 state populations.

Public health officials from 47 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 1,034 outbreaks; multi-state outbreaks involving three additional states (Indiana, Mississippi, and Montana) were reported by CDC. The number (1,034) of outbreaks was 10% lower than the annual average reported (1,151) for 2003–2007, and the number of outbreak-related illnesses was 5% lower (23,152 versus 24,400).

An average of 24 (range: 2–128) outbreaks were reported from each state or territory. The average rate was 0.53 (range: 0.06–2.20) outbreaks per 100,000 population.

Of the total number of outbreak-related foodborne illnesses, 1,276 (6%) resulted in hospitalization.

Salmonella was the most common cause of outbreak-related hospitalizations, causing 62% of hospitalizations reported, followed by Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (17%) and norovirus (7%).

Outbreaks caused by Clostridium botulinum resulted in the highest proportion of persons hospitalized (90%), followed by Listeria outbreaks (76%).

Among the 22 deaths associated with foodborne disease outbreaks in 2008, 20 were attributed to bacterial etiologies (13 Salmonella, three Listeria monocytogenes, three STEC [two O157, one O111], one Staphylococcus), one to norovirus, and one to a mycotoxin.

A single confirmed or suspected etiologic agent was identified in 666 (64%) outbreaks (479 confirmed, 187 suspected).

Among the 479 outbreaks with a single confirmed etiologic agent, viruses caused 234 (49%) outbreaks, bacteria caused 212 (44%) outbreaks, chemicals and toxins caused 27 (6%) outbreaks, and parasites caused six (1%) outbreaks.

Norovirus was the most common cause of outbreaks and illnesses, accounting for 233 (49%) of the confirmed, single-etiology outbreaks and 7,235 (46%) illnesses.

Salmonella was the second most common etiologic agent, causing 110 (23%) confirmed, single-etiology outbreaks and 52% of those caused by bacteria.

Among the 108 Salmonella outbreaks with a serotype reported, Enteritidis was the most common serotype, causing 29 (27%) confirmed, single-etiology outbreaks. STEC caused 36 (8%) confirmed, single-etiology outbreaks, of which 35 were caused by serogroup O157.

A food vehicle was reported for 481 (47%) outbreaks, among which the food vehicle could be assigned to one of the 17 commodities in 218 (45%) of the outbreaks. The commodities most commonly implicated were poultry (32 outbreaks), beef (31), and finfish (30).

The commodities associated with the most outbreak-related illnesses were fruits-nuts (1,755 illnesses), vine-stalk vegetables (1,622), and beef (952).

The pathogen-commodity pairs responsible for the most outbreaks were norovirus in leafy vegetables (18 outbreaks), ciguatoxin in finfish (14), STEC O157 in beef (12), and Salmonella in poultry (11).

The pathogen-commodity pairs responsible for the most outbreak-related illnesses were Salmonella in vine-stalk vegetables (1,604 illnesses) and Salmonella in fruits-nuts (1,401).

Seventeen multi-state outbreaks (i.e., outbreaks in which the exposure occurred in more than one state) were reported. Multi-state outbreaks involved a median of seven (range: 2–46) states.

Nine were caused by Salmonella. The etiologic agent was isolated from an implicated food in six of these outbreaks. The foods in these six outbreaks were cantaloupe, cereal, ground turkey, ground white pepper, jalapeno and serrano peppers, and peanut butter and peanut paste.

Six multi-state outbreaks were caused by STEC O157; STEC was isolated from ground beef in two outbreaks. Two multi-state outbreaks were caused by Listeria. One outbreak was caused by Listeria in Mexican-style cheese made from pasteurized milk, the other by Listeria in sprouts.

Among the 868 outbreaks with a known single setting where food was consumed, 52% resulted from food consumed in a restaurant or deli, 15% in a private home, and the remainder in other locations.

Among the 481 outbreaks for which a food vehicle was identified, 19 (4%) resulted in product recalls. The recalled foods were beef (five outbreaks), dietary supplements (two), cantaloupe (two), alfalfa sprouts (two), and cereal, cheese, fish, jalapeno and serrano peppers, melon, pancakes, spices, and peanut butter and peanut paste (one each). One beef establishment had two product recalls (6).

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